MTA8 America

MTA1 World

MTA2 Europe

MTA3 Al-Arabia

MTA4 Africa

MTA5 Africa

MTA6 Asia

MTA7 Asia

Syed Rasool Niaz presents a series of programmes about the writings of the Promised Messiah (as). Presentation of MTA studios India. Programme no. 4.

Dars-e-Tehreerat - Programme no. 4.

Wahab Adam Studio Ghana presents a series on Islam and Science. This discussion looks at the Nuclear Holocaust.


Nuclear Holocaust

 ISLAM AND SCIENCE

Friday sermon delivered by the Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad (may Allah be his Helper), from Masjid Mubarak in Islamabad, Tilford, UK recorded on 23rd September 2022.

Friday Sermon - 23rd September 2022

<p>'Meri Raat Din'. An Urdu poem written by Khalifatul Masih II (ra), with the voice of Ismatullah.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

New Nazm | Meri Raat Din

<p>An educational programme for young children covering various topics. Programme no 5. Presentation of MTA studios Germany.</p>

Bachon Ki Dunya: Episode 05 - 16th February 2019

An address delivered on August 26, 2017 by Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad (may Allah be his Helper) from the Ladies Jalsa Gah on the occasion of Jalsa Salana Germany.

Address from Ladies Jalsa Gah - Jalsa Salana Germany 2017

<p>A documentary about Masjid Mubarak in Islamabad, Tilford, UK. Also featuring a tour of the offices. Presentation of MTA International.</p>

Inside Islamabad

An English discussion programme on issues related to Islamic jurisprudence Today's topic is on 'the significance of the postures in salat'. Presentation of MTA International.

Islamic Jurisprudence

Islamic Jurisprudence : The Significance of the Postures in Salat - Episode 3

<p>An educational class with Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad (may Allah be his Helper) and Khuddam and Atfal members of the Waqfe Nau scheme from Indonesia. Recorded on January 23, 2021.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Q1: I am a bio medical student, which of the research topics are relevant?&nbsp;</p><p>Q2: What advice can be given to a married couple for leading a peaceful life?&nbsp;</p><p>Q3: If a waqfenau and wants to continue with his studies but is unable to do so due to financial problems. What can he do?&nbsp;</p><p>Q4: How can we address the issue of climate change?&nbsp;</p><p>Q5: I am studying politics, can I pursue my career in politics?&nbsp;</p><p>Q6: I am a waqfenau, how can I maintain the spirit of my spiritual life?&nbsp;</p><p>Q7: How can I balance my practical life and Jamat?&nbsp;</p><p>Q8: Can we work in government offices as employees?&nbsp;</p><p>Q9: I am a CEO of education system, how can I serve jamaat and continue with by business for financial support?&nbsp;</p><p>Q10: You have done many tours before pandemic. How do you spend time in a plane?&nbsp;</p><p>Q11: How did you change yourself after becoming Khalifa?&nbsp;</p><p>Q12: How can we give up laziness?</p>

Gulshan-e-Waqfe Nau Khuddam - Indonesia - 23rd January 2021

<p>A programme series about the beautiful attributes of Allah the Almighty based on Friday Sermons delivered by Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad (may Allah be his Helper). This programme covers the attribute of Al-Malik - The Master. Presentation of MTA Canada Studios.</p>

Asma-ul-Husna - Al-Malik (The Master)

<p>A recording of the 11th National Peace Symposium hosted by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community held on 8 November 2014 held at Baitul Futuh, the largest mosque in Western Europe. The highlight of the event was the keynote address by the World Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the Fifth Khalifa, His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad.</p><h4 style='font-size: 18px; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;'><span style='font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal;'>&nbsp;</span></h4><table class='tr-caption-container' style='margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 4px; text-align: center; border-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0' align='center'><tbody><tr><td style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc;'><a style='margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; color: #096797; max-width: 100%;'><img style='border-style: solid; border-color: #cccccc; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: initial; background-color: #ffffff;' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eEBfBxfwEo4/VGDhwxfvatI/AAAAAAAAB-0/3Ub-Wazm15U/s1600/Justine%2BGreening.jpg' alt='' width='500' height='240' border='0'></a></td></tr><tr><td class='tr-caption' style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; font-size: 11.2px;'><span style='font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: x-small;'>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>During his address, His Holiness categorically condemned the activities of ISIS and other extremists groups as “entirely un-Islamic” and said they were “viciously spreading a network of terror” in the world.</p><p>&nbsp;Quoting extensively from the Holy Quran, His Holiness proved Islam to be a religion of peace that promoted tolerance, mutual respect and understanding at all levels of society. His Holiness also questioned how extremist groups such as ISIS were funded and supported.&nbsp;</p><p>The event was held at the Baitul Futuh Mosque in London with an audience of more than 1000 people, including 550 non-Ahmadi guests comprising Government Ministers, Ambassadors of State, Members of both Houses of Parliament and various other dignitaries and guests. The theme of this year’s Peace Symposium was “Khilafat, Peace and Justice”.</p><p>During the event, His Holiness also presented Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow, Founder and CEO Mary’s Meals UK, with the Ahmadiyya Muslim Prize for the Advancement of Peace in recognition of his outstanding efforts to provide food and education to hundreds of thousands of children in the developing world.</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad began his address by speaking of the increasing threat of terrorism and extremism in today’s world.&nbsp;</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad said:&nbsp;“Over the past year, one particular group has viciously spread its network of terror and has become a cause of major concern for the world. I am speaking of the group of extremists commonly known as ‘ISIS’ or ‘I.S.’ The actions of this terrorist group are not only impacting Muslim countries, but also countries in Europe and further afield are also being affected by its brutalities.”</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad said it was highly “disturbing” that hundreds of Muslim youths from all parts of the world were being attracted by ISIS and were going to Syria and Iraq to fight for them. His Holiness said: “the agenda and objectives of ISIS and their so-called Khalifa are utterly horrific and barbaric”.</p><p>His Holiness said that ISIS had a vision to “take over the world” which he classed as “wishful thinking”.Nonetheless, His Holiness said that if ISIS was not “stopped in its tracks” it could cause great destruction in the world.</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad said:&nbsp;“Consider just how much suffering and ruin can be caused by an extremist group, which is gathering together frustrated and restless people from all parts of the world who are ready to give their lives for this unjust cause…This is especially true given the fact that this group (ISIS) does not just have willing individuals but is also heavily armed with sophisticated weapons systems and artillery. Indeed, it is not out of the question that they could eventually lay their hands on nuclear weapons.”</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad continued: “When all of this is considered there is no doubting the horrific threat to the world posed by ISIS and any of the groups that have similar ideologies. The fact that all of this is being done in the name of Islam sincerely grieves and pains all true and peace loving Muslims because such brutal and inhumane ideologies have nothing to do with the religion whatsoever. Rather, in every way, and at every level, Islam’s real teachings are of peace and security for all people.”</p><p>The Khalifa went on to give a detailed account of Quranic teachings in relation to warfare, stating that wherever Muslims were given permission for a ‘defensive war’ it was given as a means to protect all religions and not just Islam. He also explained the unparalleled efforts made by the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to spread peace throughout the world.&nbsp;</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad went on to speak about how ‘freedom of conscience’ was a fundamental tenet of Islam. He said that Muslims were permitted only to preach the message of Islam in a peaceful way.&nbsp;</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad said: “It is never permissible, in any circumstance, to force another person to accept Islam or indeed any religion… All people are free to believe or not to believe. And so when the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) was permitted only to convey the message of Islam and nothing further - how then can the so called Muslim leaders of today go beyond this and think they have more power, authority or rights than the Prophet of Islam?”</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad ended his address by questioning how terrorist or extremist groups were being funded and by appealing for world peace through true justice.&nbsp;</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad said: “I would also hereby like to question those people or organisations who claim that Islam is a religion of violence on the basis of the atrocities of the extremist groups. I would ask them to consider how these groups are able to acquire such funds that allow them to continue their extremist activities and warfare for so long? How do they acquire such sophisticated weapons? Do they have arms industries or factories? It is quite obvious that they are receiving the help and support of certain powers. This could be direct support from very oil-rich states or it could be other major powers covertly providing assistance.”</p><p>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad continued: “The funding of these groups is a major problem because it is through these funds that they are able to prey on vulnerable groups or individuals… Thus something has to be done to stop the funding of these groups urgently. The West has now started to realise and acknowledge that this is a war that is actually directly affecting it as well. However, this too is under-estimation – the truth is that this is a war against the entire world.”</p><p>His Holiness concluded by saying: “Most importantly the world must realise that it has forgotten its Creator and they must come back to Him. Only when this happens can true peace be established and without this there can be no guarantee of peace. I have spoken many times previously about the horrific consequences of another global war and perhaps it will only be after such a war that the world will come to realise the destructive results of the unjust policies that were made only to satisfy personal ambitions and vested interests. I hope and pray that the world comes to its senses before such a disaster comes to pass.”</p><p>Prior to the keynote address, various dignitaries spoke about the importance of peace and the critical state of today’s world.&nbsp;</p><table class='tr-caption-container' style='margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 4px; text-align: center; border-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0' align='center'><tbody><tr><td style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc;'><a style='margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%;'><img style='border-style: solid; border-color: #cccccc; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: initial; background-color: #ffffff;' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9A4A4032d_E/VGCxO5vn9EI/AAAAAAAAB9Y/qe-hb-vj1j8/s1600/Ahmadiyya%2BCaliph.jpg' alt='' width='400' height='226' border='0'></a></td></tr><tr><td class='tr-caption' style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; font-size: 11.2px;'><span style='font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: x-small;'>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad meets dignitaries</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>&nbsp;</p><table class='tr-caption-container' style='margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 4px; text-align: center; border-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0' align='center'><tbody><tr><td style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc;'><a style='margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%;'><img style='border-style: solid; border-color: #cccccc; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: initial; background-color: #ffffff;' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xHdZ54zHho8/VGCxOw2mUmI/AAAAAAAAB9U/5JdhMKEvung/s1600/Ahmadiyya%2BPeace%2BConference.jpg' alt='' width='400' height='132' border='0'></a></td></tr><tr><td class='tr-caption' style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; font-size: 11.2px;'><span style='font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: x-small;'>Ahmadiyya Peace Symposium 2014</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>&nbsp;</p><table class='tr-caption-container' style='margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 4px; text-align: center; border-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0' align='center'><tbody><tr><td style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc;'><a style='margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%;'><img style='border-style: solid; border-color: #cccccc; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: initial; background-color: #ffffff;' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-V149XFM28qQ/VGCxO9PjBWI/AAAAAAAAB-k/HENxJw2-S6Y/s1600/Ahmadiyya%2BPeace%2BSymposium%2B2014.jpg' alt='' width='400' height='221' border='0'></a></td></tr><tr><td class='tr-caption' style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; font-size: 11.2px;'><span style='font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: x-small;'>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad with Urdu-speaking dignitaries</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>&nbsp;</p><table class='tr-caption-container' style='margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 4px; text-align: center; border-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0' align='center'><tbody><tr><td style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc;'><a style='margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%;'><img style='border-style: solid; border-color: #cccccc; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: initial; background-color: #ffffff;' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-r2x97LfHfAQ/VGCxPv8wnkI/AAAAAAAAB9c/hDn2FY1gXfs/s1600/Ahmadiyya%2BPeace%2BSymposium.jpg' alt='' width='400' height='210' border='0'></a></td></tr><tr><td class='tr-caption' style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; font-size: 11.2px;'><span style='font-size: x-small;'><span style='font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;'>Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad addresses the National Peace Symposium 2014</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>&nbsp;</p><table class='tr-caption-container' style='margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 4px; text-align: center; border-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0' align='center'><tbody><tr><td style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc;'><a style='margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%;'><img style='border-style: solid; border-color: #cccccc; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: initial; background-color: #ffffff;' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YzaRT3xaeXA/VGCxQXt55tI/AAAAAAAAB9s/pVoLrubUq3A/s1600/Hazrat%2BMirza%2BMasroor%2BAhmad%2BPress%2BConference.jpg' alt='' width='400' height='207' border='0'></a></td></tr><tr><td class='tr-caption' style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; font-size: 11.2px;'><span style='font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: x-small;'>Press Conference with Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class='separator' style='color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; clear: both; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff;'>&nbsp;</div><p>&nbsp;</p><table class='tr-caption-container' style='margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 4px; text-align: center; border-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0' align='center'><tbody><tr><td style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc;'><a style='margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%;'><img style='border-style: solid; border-color: #cccccc; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: initial; background-color: #ffffff;' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U1-Y1L_NmJo/VGCxSHd3B5I/AAAAAAAAB-I/kACgXT2Hyfo/s1600/Tahir%2BHall.jpg' alt='' width='400' height='150' border='0'></a></td></tr><tr><td class='tr-caption' style='padding: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: #cccccc; font-size: 11.2px;'><span style='font-size: x-small;'><span style='font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;'>Tahir Hall, Baitul Futuh Mosque</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style='font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;'>Rafiq Hayat, the National President of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community UK, spoke of the need for peace in the world. Referring to Remembrance Day commemorations that were taking place this week, he said the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community “honoured” all those British servicemen and women who had sacrificed their lives for the sake of their nation during the First World War.</p><p style='font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;'>Siobhain McDonagh, MP and Chair of the “All Party Parliamentary Group for the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community’said: “I congratulate the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community on its 125th anniversary. It is a community that has always promoted peace and harmony in the world.”</p><p style='font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;'>Rt Hon Ed Davey, MP, Secretary of State for Energy &amp; Climate Change said: “In the world today we see ‘politics of division’ in so many parts but under the leadership of His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community promotes a ‘politics of unity’ with the aim of establishing unity across the world.”</p><p style='font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;'>Rt Hon Justine Greening, MP, Secretary of State for International Development said:&nbsp;</p><p style='font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;'>“Tonight is a simple but powerful event where people are being brought together to discuss and understand each other and to eat together as families do.”</p><p style='font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;'>Most Reverend Kevin McDonald, Archbishop Emeritus of Southwark, who also read a special message from the Vatican, said: “I strongly applaud the huge contribution being made by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in spreading peace in the world.”</p><p style='font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;'>The recipient of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Prize for the Advancement of Peace, Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow, CEO Mary’s Meals UK said: “I am deeply honoured and moved to receive this award and thank His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad for this honour. The work of Mary’s Meals is very simply to feed children so that they are able to go to school.'</p><div><span style='font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;'>Both before and after the proceedings, His Holiness met personally with various dignitaries and guests and also met with members of the western and Asian media.</span></div>

Peace Symposium 2014

Omar Farooq presents a discussion about the life and character of the progeny of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw). Today's episode is on the 'life and character of Hazrat Imam Hassan (ra), grandson of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw)'. Guests include Ata-ul-Wahab and Sultan Mehmood. Presentation of MTA studios Canada.

Aal-e-Rasool (saw) 

Aal-e-Rasool (saw) - Life and character of Hazrat Imam Hassan (ra)

'Der Dilum Joshid Sanaye Serveray'. A Persian poem written by the Promised Messiah (as), with the voice of Quratul Ain Tahir. Nazms Prepared for Jalsa UK 2011.

Parsian Nazm - Der Dilum Joshid Sanaye Serveray

MTA Africa presents the third episode of 'The Golden Age of Islam'. A brand new series on the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (sa). In today's programme, we will discuss the commencement of #Prophethood as well as the beginning of #Islam.

The Golden Age of Islam - Ep 3

An English Documentary looking at 100 years of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Nigeria. Presentation of MTA studios Nigeria. 

100 Years of The Nigeria Jamaat - English Documentary

Recitation of the Holy Qur'an by Aiman Almaliki. Surah Ad-Dukhaan, verses 1-60 and Surah Al-Jaathiyah, verses 1-38. Part 25. Presentation of MTA International.

Holy Qur'an Recitation | Part 25 | Surah Ad-Dukhaan v1-60

Holy Qur'an Recitation | Part 25 | Surah Ad-Dukhaan v1-60, Surah Al-Jaathiyah v1-38

'Hamara Khilafat Pe Eimaan Hai'. An Urdu poem written by Mir Allah Baksh Tasneem, with the voice of Maria Saqib.

Nazm | Hamara Khilafat Pe Eimaan Hai

<p>'Aye Taha-o-Yaseen'. An Urdu poem written by Mubarak Ahmad Zafar, with the voice of Talha Ahmad.</p>

نئی نظم | New Nazm | Aye Taha-o-Yaseen

A series of English programmes featuring an insight to articles from 'The Review of Religions', a magazine established by the Promised Messiah (as). Part 1. Today we discuss the book Azale Oham. Hosted by Maood Tahir, with guest Hanan Sobhi, Umar Akbar and Amir Safeer. Presentation of MTA studios Canada.

The Review of Religion - Programme No. 1

'Khalifah Dil Hamara Hai'. An Urdu poem with the voices of Musawar Ahmad and Umer Sharif.

Nazm - Khalifah Dil Hamara

Qaseeda 'Ya Qalbi Azkur Ahmada' by the Promised Messiah AS. Production of MTA International Canada Studios.

Qaseeda - Ya Qalbi Azkur Ahmada

Hafiz Syed Rasool Niaz presents selected sayings of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw) in Urdu, on the topic of need for an Imam. Presentation MTA studios India

Dars-e-Hadith - Need for an Imam

<p>An informative series of programmes covering various topics. Today's episode is about hypertension. Presentation of MTA studios Australia.</p>

Infomate - Hypertension

An Audience with Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad (may Allah be his Helper), Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, with the media held in Baitul Futuh Mosque, London. Recorded on November 8, 2014. Presentation of MTA International.

An Audience with Huzoor (aba) - 8th November 2014

'Wo Aya Muntazir Thay'. n Urdu poem written by by Hazrat Musleh Ma'ood (ra), with the voice of Tanvir Ahmad Nasir.

Nazm - Wo Aya Muntazir Thay

Season 2 of a quiz show based on the national Ta'lim syllabus of Majlis Ansarullah. Episode no. 2. Presentation of MTA International. 

Sawalnama - Season 2 - Episode 2 - سوال نامہ 

<p>'Nazm - Gul-e-Taza'. An Urdu poem written by Dr. Abdul Kareem Khalid, with the voice of Bilal Raja.</p>